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The percentage volume of the diluting gas is defined as vo 1% = Volume of (Diluent + moisture in the air) Volume of dry intake air The average specific heats at constant pressure of the products during the combustion process are Kj cal p² Kmol, K gm mole, K 8.6 N₂ 35.95 51 12.2 H₂O 60.19 14.4 CO2 37.62 9 02 Neglect the effect of the residual gases and chemical equilibrium. Assume complete combustion. Make any other assumptions you may need.

The percentage volume of the diluting gas is defined as vo 1% = Volume of (Diluent + moisture in the air) Volume of dry intake air The average specific heats at constant pressure of the products during the combustion process are Kj cal p² Kmol, K gm mole, K 8.6 N₂ 35.95 51 12.2 H₂O 60.19 14.4 CO2 37.62 9 02 Neglect the effect of the residual gases and chemical equilibrium. Assume complete combustion. Make any other assumptions you may need.

Charge dilution has been found to be an effective method to reduce the nitric oxide emission. Dilution may be achieved by exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), addition of water vapor, or excess air. You are required to compare between the effectiveness of each of the above three methods on increasing the heat capacity of the combustion products per kg of fuel. Assume the fuel is 7.3H13.2, the original combustible mixture (before dilution) is stoichiometric, the percentage volume of the diluting gas in each of the above three cases is 20%, the ambient air temperature is 26.67°c (80°F) and its relative humidity is 70%.