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Hill and Barton report that when one contestant is much better than the other, colour has no effect on the result. However, when there is only a small difference between them, the effect of colour is sufficient to tip the balance. The anthropologists say that the number of times red wins is not simply by chance, but that these results are statistically significant. Joanna Setchell, a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge, has found similar results in nature. She studies the large African monkeys known as mandrills. Mandrills have bright red noses that stand out against their white faces. Setchell's work shows that the dominant males - the ones who are more successful with females - have a brighter red nose than other males. Hill and Barton got the idea for their research because of the role that the colour red plays in the animal world. 'Red seems to be the colour, across species, that signals male dominance, Barton says. They thought that 'there might be a similar effect in humans. Setchell, the primatologist, agrees: 'As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and go pale when we're scared. These are very important signals to other individuals.' Meanwhile, what about those athletes who win in their events while wearing red? Do their clothes give them an unintentional advantage? Robert Barton accepts that 'that is the implication of their findings. Is it time for sports authorities to consider new regulations on sports clothing? Use the editor to format your answer

Hill and Barton report that when one contestant is much better than the other, colour has no effect on the result. However, when there is only a small difference between them, the effect of colour is sufficient to tip the balance. The anthropologists say that the number of times red wins is not simply by chance, but that these results are statistically significant. Joanna Setchell, a primate researcher at the University of Cambridge, has found similar results in nature. She studies the large African monkeys known as mandrills. Mandrills have bright red noses that stand out against their white faces. Setchell's work shows that the dominant males - the ones who are more successful with females - have a brighter red nose than other males. Hill and Barton got the idea for their research because of the role that the colour red plays in the animal world. 'Red seems to be the colour, across species, that signals male dominance, Barton says. They thought that 'there might be a similar effect in humans. Setchell, the primatologist, agrees: 'As Hill and Barton say, humans redden when we are angry and go pale when we're scared. These are very important signals to other individuals.' Meanwhile, what about those athletes who win in their events while wearing red? Do their clothes give them an unintentional advantage? Robert Barton accepts that 'that is the implication of their findings. Is it time for sports authorities to consider new regulations on sports clothing? Use the editor to format your answer