Answer Happy

(b) A thermometer is regarded as a first-order instrument where a time delay exists in its response to a sudden change at its input. The response equation of the thermometer is expressed as, T(t) — T₁ = (Tƒ − To)(1 – e¯7) - where T(t) (°C) is the temperature of the thermometer at time t (s); T. (°C) and Tf (°C) are the initial and final temperatures of the process being measured, respectively; and (s) is the time constant. (i) If the thermometer gives a measurement of 44 °C (To) just before a sudden change in the process which is 80 °C (T), and reads 57 °C at time 4.5 s after the change, determine and thus write down the response equation for the thermometer. Show all your working steps. (ii) Determine the temperature reading 6 s after the occurrence of the sudden change specified in (i). [6 marks] (c) With the aid of a suitable block diagram, discuss in your own words the essential elements of a typical smart sensor and its main difference with a conventional sensor. Give an example application of smart sensors. [5 Marks]