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General Description: Four power plants with a total installed capacity of over 2000 MW are owned by one of Bahrain's largest power producing companies. One of the power plants uses a mixed cycle with five gas turbines and one steam turbine. They recently upgraded the steam turbine unit by installing a new feedwater heater, and they want to explore how it affects the thermal efficiency of the entire plant. The steam turbine was last upgraded a decade ago, and the manager must present the new steam turbine system and demonstrate that the plant update was successful with all relevant information. Your Role: Consider any appropriate and relevant power plant of this type in Bahrain, and conduct some research on many technical characteristics available for this analysis. After graduating from Bahrain Polytechnic with a degree in Mechanical Engineering, you will be given the opportunity to work as an engineer for this company. Your line manager will assign this case study to you as a trainee to analyze the scenario of upgrading the existing system to a new cogeneration power plant that generates power using a combination of the Rankine cycle and the Brayton cycle. It would be really appreciated if you could provide a new design for the entire system in order to increase the plant's efficiency. The following are the two stages of analysis in this case study: 1. You must analyze and enhance the existing power plant by adding feedwater pumps and feedwater heaters; and 2. You must design a cogeneration power plant by upgrading the above system designed in stage-1 and adding a Brayton cycle;
Cogeneration Power Plant: One of the future new communities in Bahrain that is currently under development plans utilise process heating and generate electricity for the community. Cogeneration, in general, is a process that produces multiple useful forms of energy from a single energy source. As a result, any power plant that uses this method is known as a Cogeneration Power Plant (CPP) or a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant. Due to unusual changes, such as quick increases in fuel prices and the potential energy-efficiency of the Process Heating System, the usage of process heat is on the rise in many nations (PHS). This case study aims to analyze a Cogeneration Power Plant, which generates both process heat and electric power from a single energy source. In a cogeneration power plant, the power cycle can be a Rankine cycle, a Brayton cycle, or a combination of the two. The utilization factor of a cogeneration power plant is defined as the fraction of energy used for either process heat or power generation, as shown in the following equation. Figure 2 depicts a typical steam turbine in use at this cogeneration plant right now. Utilization Factor Net Work Output + Process Heat Total Heat Input Technical information given: The following information was provided by the responsible engineer of that power plant regarding the steam cycle part: m₁ tonnes per hour of superheated steam enters the high-pressure turbine at T₁°C and P₁ Bar, and is discharged isentropically until the pressure reaches P₂ Bar. After exiting the high-pressure turbine, m₂ tonnes per hour of steam is extracted to the open feedwater heater, and the remaining steam flows to the low-pressure turbine, where it expands to P3 Bar. At the condenser, the steam is totally condensed. The temperature at the condenser's outflow is the same as the saturation temperature at the same pressure. The liquid is compressed to P₂ Bar after passing through the condenser and then allowed to flow through the mixing preheater (a heat exchanger with efficiency n)where it is completely condensed. The preheated feed water will be fed into the heat exchanger through a second feed pump, where it will be heated and superheated to a temperature of T₁. In the winter, the overall process heating demand is assumed to be QMW while this power plant's electricity demand is € MW.
Data to be taken for the analysis: Parameter m₁ m₂ T₁ P₁ P₂ P3 171 ė Ė Value range 10 1 500 20 5 0.5 85% 1.2 5.5