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Biodiesel is an alkylester (RCOOR') obtained from fat and has combustion characteristics similar to diesel, but is stable, nontoxic, and microbial decomposition due to its relatively high flash point, and is considered as an energy that may replace diesel. Biodiesel can be prepared by transesterification of vegetable oil with alcohol (e.g., methanol) and its reaction formula is as follows. CHOCOR CH₂OH R'COOCH, CH-OCOR SCH,OH CHOIR'COOCH, CH₂-OCOR CH₂OH R'COOCH, Triglyceride Methanol Glycerol Methyl esters 즉. A + 3M G 3P A = Triglyceride, M = Methanol, G = Glycerol, P = Methyl Ester Biodiesel) In fact, this reaction is a three-step complex reaction in which A becomes diglyceride, diglyceride becomes monoglyceride, and monoglyceride becomes glycerol, respectively. The original ester exchange reaction is reversible, but it could be deemed as an irreversible reaction, as methanol is used in an excessive amount in an actual manufacturing process. Triglyceride+ R'OH 4. A+MB+P [1] Diglyceride RCOOR Diglyceride + R'OH Monoglyceride+ RCOOR¹ B+MC+P [2] 4. C+M G+P [3] Monoglyceride + R³OH → Glycerol +RCOOR¹ B = Diglyceride, C = Monoglyceride) By performing an ester exchange reaction using waste cooking oil (e.g., soy bean oil) as a raw material, it is intended to design a reactor that produces 330,000 L of biodiesel per year. Answer the question. (Use the Polymath program!) (However, Ca0 = 1 mol/L, density of biodiesel (P) = 0.86 g/cm3, molecular weight of biodiesel (P) = 292 g/mol) (1) This reaction was carried out under a basic (NaOH) catalyst in a small batch reactor, thereby obtaining concentration (unit mol/L) data of A as follows. (In the experiment, Ca0 = 1 mol/L was used in excess of methanol.) 온도(C) (min) 5 10 15 20 25 30 45 0.94 0.89 0.84 0.80 0.76 0.73 55 0.89 0.81 0.74 0.67 0.63 0.58 65 0.80 0.67 0.57 0.50 0.45 0.40 Properly analyze the given data, show that reaction [1] is quadratic (total quadratic because M is used in excess) for A, and find the k1 value at each temperature. 2It could be seen that the reactions [2] and [3] were secondary, respectively, and when the rate constants k2 and k3 were measured. the results in the following table were obtained. Using this data, find the values of k1, k2, and k3 at 60 °C. TL/mol min)) kı k k 문제에서 구함 0.0255 0.0881 문제에서 구함 0.0510 0.141 문제에서 구함 0.0965 0.218 ? ? ? 45 °C 55 °C 65 °C 60 °C
(2) The previous reaction is to be performed at 60°C using one batch reactor. - What is the reaction time required to dial 90% with the concentration of Triglyceride (A) set to CAO = 1 mol/L? At that time, what are the concentrations of diglyceride (B), monoglyceride (C), glycerol (G) and methyl ester (P) in the reactor, respectively? If it takes about 100 minutes to prepare for the next reaction after the reaction, how many times a year can this reaction be performed? What is the volume of the reactor required to achieve the target annual output accordingly? (When reacted, the reactant is filled to about 80% of the volume of the reactor and is operated 24 hours a day, 250 days a year.) (3) This reaction is performed in a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) using an inflow flow (CAO = 1 mol/L) containing only A and M. If the volume flow rate is v0 = 1 L/min and A is 90% dialed, what is the required volume of the CSTR reactor? What are the concentrations of B, C, G, and P in the reactor runoff? When operating 24 hours a day, 250 days a year, what is the volume of the CSTR reactor to achieve annual production? (4) This reaction is performed in a PFR using an inflow flow (CAO = 1 mol/L) containing only A and M. If the volume flow rate is v0 = 1 L/min and A is 90% dialed, what is the required volume of the PFR reactor? What are the concentrations of B, C, G, and P in the reactor runoff? When operating 24 hours a day, 250 days a year, what is the volume of the CSTR reactor to achieve annual production?