2. Floods are the most common type of disaster globally, responsible for almost half of all victims of natural disasters
Posted: Wed May 25, 2022 6:40 am
2. Floods are the most common type of disaster globally,
responsible for almost half of all victims of natural disasters,
with the economic losses of US$ 1.891 trillion, 244,000 of reported
deaths and 4 billion injuries for the past 20 years. Malaysia has
experienced a series of flood episodes since 1800s, that has
affected approximately 29,720 km2 or 9 % of the total land areas,
4.9 million victims, and inflicted the economic damages of
exceeding US$ 227.9 million per year. The 2014 flood tragedy is
recognized as the “Tsunami-like disaster” in the history of
Malaysia for the past 30 years, which had seriously inundated and
devastated 18,000 km2 of the low-lying catchments along the Pahang
River. Pahang River is the longest river in the Peninsular
Malaysia, with the maximum length and breadth catchment of 459 and
236 km, respectively. It is one of the most important water
resource for domestic water supply, fishing, agricultural and
industrial activities and recreational purposes to the local
community. A water sampling activity has been conducted at five (5)
sampling sites soon after the tragedic flood event, which
reasonably represent the physicochemical qualities of the Pahang
River Basin. The water quality of the Pahang River was assessed in
the form Water Quality Index (WQI), under the standard Interim
National Water Quality Standards (INWQS), consisting six (6) major
parameters, notably pH, DO, BOD5, COD, AN and TSS, as given in the
table below. Calculate the WQI of each sampling point and mean WQI
of the river water.
Parameters pH DO (mg/L) Temperature (°C) TDS (mg/L) TSS (mg/L) Turbidity (FTU) COD (mg/L) BOD5 (mg/L) NO3- (mg/L) PO4³- (mg/L) NH3-N (mg/L) SO4²- (mg/L) S1 5.77 3.13 26.5 47.60 10.75 55.31 122.50 32.91 6.5 0.43 0.89 1.1 Sampling Point S2 4.98 4.48 27.0 79.33 97.28 189.93 38.40 7.92 4.3 0.79 2.31 1.3 (10 marks)
responsible for almost half of all victims of natural disasters,
with the economic losses of US$ 1.891 trillion, 244,000 of reported
deaths and 4 billion injuries for the past 20 years. Malaysia has
experienced a series of flood episodes since 1800s, that has
affected approximately 29,720 km2 or 9 % of the total land areas,
4.9 million victims, and inflicted the economic damages of
exceeding US$ 227.9 million per year. The 2014 flood tragedy is
recognized as the “Tsunami-like disaster” in the history of
Malaysia for the past 30 years, which had seriously inundated and
devastated 18,000 km2 of the low-lying catchments along the Pahang
River. Pahang River is the longest river in the Peninsular
Malaysia, with the maximum length and breadth catchment of 459 and
236 km, respectively. It is one of the most important water
resource for domestic water supply, fishing, agricultural and
industrial activities and recreational purposes to the local
community. A water sampling activity has been conducted at five (5)
sampling sites soon after the tragedic flood event, which
reasonably represent the physicochemical qualities of the Pahang
River Basin. The water quality of the Pahang River was assessed in
the form Water Quality Index (WQI), under the standard Interim
National Water Quality Standards (INWQS), consisting six (6) major
parameters, notably pH, DO, BOD5, COD, AN and TSS, as given in the
table below. Calculate the WQI of each sampling point and mean WQI
of the river water.
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