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1 / 2 100% + Protein Synthesis Project Due Date Objectives: I can demonstrate how the genes in DNA ate transcribed through RNA polymerase into mRNA and translated by ribosomes, mRNA, CRNA, RNA and amino acids into a protein that represents a particular trait in an organism. • I know how mutations in DNA can affect the expression of a protein as a trait . Introduction: Genes are the units that determine inherited characteristics, such as hair color and blood type. Genes are lengths of DNA molecules that determine the structure of polypeptides (the building blocks of proteins) that our cells make. The sequence of nucleotides in DNA determines the sequence of amino acids in polypeptides, and thus the structure of proteins. In a process called transcription, which takes place in the nucleus of the cell, messenger RNA (mRNA) reads and copies the DNA's nucleotide sequences in the form of a complementary RNA molecule. Then the mRNA carries this information in the form of a code to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis takes place. The code, in DNA or mRNA, specifies the order in which the amino acids are joined together to form a polypeptide. The code words in mRNA, however, are not directly recognized by the corresponding amino acids. Another type of RNA called transfer RNA (ERNA) is needed to bring the mRNA and amino acids together as the code carried by mRNA is "read" on a ribosome, the proper toNAs arrive in turn and give up the amino acids they carry to the growing polypeptide chain. The process by which the information from DNA is transferred into the language of proteins is known as translation Project Requirements: Your project will result in an artistic model of a creature from a series of genes that must first undergo transcription and translation to yield a set of traits Part : Completed worksheet of creature traits You must fint property decode the genes for your creature. Part I must be completed before you can proceed to Parts Part I: A poster of your creature A self-created drowing, collage, picture of your creature. Procedures: 1 To determine the traits for each one of your creature, fill in the following intormation for each box, beginning with Chromosome in the Data Table. You will need to work backwards from the amino acid sequences. 2 Write the trait and corresponding amino acid sequence in the box 3. Write the sequence of codons (MRINA) for each amino acid by using the amino acid chart in your notes. Record this Information in the Data Table (TRANSLATION) 4. Write the sequence of nucleotides of DNA that are complementary to DNA sequence (TRANSCRIPTION), 5. Repeat steps through for the remaining chromosomes. 6. For Chromosome S ONLY - indude the anticodon sequences under the tox You will need to do this) 7 Your creature will also experience one of several mutations that can be found in Figure 2. (You can choose your own, but you may NOT te mutation 6) Add the mutation to your creature's DNA in red pen/pencil so it is clearly different from the rest of the data 8