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Question 1 (2 points) Saved Pepsin is a commercially available protease that is used in a wide variety of applications such as improving the texture or digestibility of food products, processing leather, and the preparation of Fab fragments from antibodies for use in antigen-binding assays. A mutant pepsin has been engineered to have high activity at pH 3.20 in 100 mM formic acid/ sodium formate buffer. Which one of the following answers applies to this buffer i.e. is TRUE? (The pk for formic acid is 3.75) A) None of the other answers are true. B) Cb > Ca C) The concentration of formic acid is 100 mM. D) Cb/Ca = 3.20 E) Ca = 3.55 Cb

Consider a phosphate buffer at pH = 6.2. Which of the following correctly describes the concentration of phosphate ions in the buffer? (pKas 2.1, 6.8, 12.4) A) [PO4³-] = [H3PO4] B) [HPO42-]> [H₂PO4] C) [PO4³-] > [HPO4²-] D) [HPO42-] / [H₂PO4] < 1