Answer Happy

answer 9, 10, and 11
Introduction: In this experiment, you will observe a simple distillation of a crude oil. The crude oil is a bomogeneous mixture which can be separated into gasoline, kerosene and lubrication oil. This experiment is often performed to determine the quality or the price of a barrel of crude oil. A light crude oil will have more gasoline and diesel and therefore command a higher price. A heavy crude will have more heating oil and lubrication oil and command a lower price. This test will be used to estimate the percentage of gasoline in a crude oil, as it is the fraction that distills off between room (ambient temperatures and 200°C (392"F). Kerosene content can be estimated as that fraction that distils between 200 and 275°C (527"F). The residue fraction boils above 275°C and can serve as an estimate of lubricating content of the crude oil. The results from this test can be used to compare a number of crude oils for hydrocarbon content. NOTE: Temperatures above 288°C (550°F) can often lead to cracking of crude oil molecules and are unsafe in glass apparatus because of increases in volume and creation of vapors. Experiment: Distillation equipment need to conduct this experiment include the following: Round Bottom (or Florence) Flask, Condenser, Heating Mantel, Distillation Head, Distillation Take-Off and graduated cylinder. The apparatus used to perform the distillation experiment is shown below. Label each of the pieces of equipment: Round Bottom (or Florence) Flask, Condenser, Heating Mantel, Distillation Head, Distillation Take-Off and graduated cylinder (you may need to research). 100 m

Questions to answer: Read the introduction and you may need to do some research, 1. Initial Temperature of experiment in °F (or °C) = record your room temperature 2. You were given 50 mL of crude oil-based on the introduction, what 3 chemicals will be distilled off the sample? 1) 2) 3) 3. What is distillation? 4. Gasoline will be the first substance distilled. What is the temperature range of gasoline distillation? 5. Quantity of the gasoline distilled is 13.5g 6. Kerosene will be the second substance distilled. What is the temperature range of kerosene distillation? 7. Quantity of kerosene was 14.6 ml 2.1

5. Quantity of the gasoline distilled is 13.5g 6. Kerosene will be the second substance distilled. What is the temperature range of kerosene distillation? 7. Quantity of kerosene was 14.6 ml 9. What is the quantity of lubricating oil in the sample? 10. Find the percentage of gasoline, kerosene and lube oil found in the sample. (Remember Percent is calculated as part/total x 100 or %/100 = part/total) % gasoline = % kerosene = % lube oil 11. 3. Using your lab information, rank the boiling points of the gasoline, kerosene and lube oil from lowest to highest