calculate the theoretical yield in grams? Zeolites are naturally occurring minerals. These consist of crystallized alumi
Posted: Sun May 22, 2022 5:29 pm
calculate the theoretical yield in grams? Zeolites are naturally occurring minerals. These consist of crystallized aluminosilicate of alkali or alkaline earth metals containing water in quick solution. The water molecules are bound so that a change in the water content, within certain limits, does not destroy the crystal structure. Zeolites have long been synthesized and used as ion exchangers and molecular sieves. The use of a zeolite for analytical and preparative work is extremely large. The zeolites consist of a stable space network skeleton of aluminum silicate which implemented by open channels. In these channels there are alkaline or alkaline earth metals and water molecules. The metal ions can be exchanged for others cations, however, the total cation charge must remain constant. Zeolite X-type has a faujasite structure with the general formula; Mn/ X (AIO 2) n (SiO2) 192-n there n = 77 to 96 and x = valence of cations. In the following experiments, zeolite NaX (X-type zeolite, associated) shall be prepared zeolite class FAU, with sodium ions as balancing motions). The combination of Si4 + and Al3+ results in a positive charge deficit which in zeolite NaX balanced by sodium ions. The ion exchange capacity of the synthesized zeolite can tested with a cobalt chloride solution. About time, wishes and necessary chemicals are available, the channel size (pore size) of the zeolite can also be determined. Execution: Synthesis of zeolite Nax.
Day 1: Add 1.15 g aluminum sopropoxide, 0.40 g sodium hydroxide and 1.7 ml water to a 10 m plastic beaker. The mixture is warmed slightly (<801C) and stirred until it becomes homogeneous, jelly-like. Cover the beaker to prevent avaporation. During time, the sodium silicates can be prepared by adding 0.50 g of Silica gel. 0.40 g of sodium hydroxide and 1.0 mlo water to a 10 ml plastic beaker mixing the mixture stir until homogeneous gelatinous. As both mixtures are at room temperature, they must be transferred quantitatively (use the water to be added to rinse the cups) to a Teflon autoclave. Add 4.5 ml of water and stir until the reaction mixture becomes homogeneous. Set the autoclave in an oven at a temperature of SOUC. If more reactions are to be run in the oven these should be set at the same time to avoid unnecessary temperature variations. Optimal reaction time is around 4 hours. shorter reaction times give slightly lower degree of crystallinity
Day 2: Test of ion exchange ability. Allow the autoclave to cool, do not shake. When the product has cooled to room temperature it should be washed with plenty of water to neutralize. This is most easily done according to the following: If the overflow does not appear to contain product, the overtiow may removed with a pipette. Then transfer the product quantitatively to a beaker and add 20 ml of water. Suction filter the product and wash it with water until it does not longer is alkaline. The ion exchange capacity of the synthesized zeolite (1.09) is tested with cobalt chloride, the rest of the product is dried in a desiccator. Dissolve 0.09.g of CoCl2 in 100 ml of water, add 1.0 g of zeolite Nax and then set the mixture is stirred until the solution is decolorized and the zeolite turns pink. The time for the ion exchange process may vary but if the mixture is heated something happens ion exchange faster rust over an hour). Filter the product and wash it thoroughly with water. Test the presence of chloride ions with silver nitrate. Dry the product. If the pink Co (W exchanged Nax zeolite is dried at room temperature, it remains pink. If it is dried in an oven at about 150C. it will be light blue gray
1 a) Describe the synthesis chemically (mechanism / reaction type, no
execution). How the product is formed and what species are present in the reaction
the mixtures and how do they then react with each other?
b) Explain the different colors of the Co (II) exchanged NaX Zeolite.
and explain how to determine the channel size of Zeolite NaX.
c) Discuss the structure and structure of some different Zeolites and name and describe some (3) important applications for different Zeolites.
Day 1: Add 1.15 g aluminum sopropoxide, 0.40 g sodium hydroxide and 1.7 ml water to a 10 m plastic beaker. The mixture is warmed slightly (<801C) and stirred until it becomes homogeneous, jelly-like. Cover the beaker to prevent avaporation. During time, the sodium silicates can be prepared by adding 0.50 g of Silica gel. 0.40 g of sodium hydroxide and 1.0 mlo water to a 10 ml plastic beaker mixing the mixture stir until homogeneous gelatinous. As both mixtures are at room temperature, they must be transferred quantitatively (use the water to be added to rinse the cups) to a Teflon autoclave. Add 4.5 ml of water and stir until the reaction mixture becomes homogeneous. Set the autoclave in an oven at a temperature of SOUC. If more reactions are to be run in the oven these should be set at the same time to avoid unnecessary temperature variations. Optimal reaction time is around 4 hours. shorter reaction times give slightly lower degree of crystallinity
Day 2: Test of ion exchange ability. Allow the autoclave to cool, do not shake. When the product has cooled to room temperature it should be washed with plenty of water to neutralize. This is most easily done according to the following: If the overflow does not appear to contain product, the overtiow may removed with a pipette. Then transfer the product quantitatively to a beaker and add 20 ml of water. Suction filter the product and wash it with water until it does not longer is alkaline. The ion exchange capacity of the synthesized zeolite (1.09) is tested with cobalt chloride, the rest of the product is dried in a desiccator. Dissolve 0.09.g of CoCl2 in 100 ml of water, add 1.0 g of zeolite Nax and then set the mixture is stirred until the solution is decolorized and the zeolite turns pink. The time for the ion exchange process may vary but if the mixture is heated something happens ion exchange faster rust over an hour). Filter the product and wash it thoroughly with water. Test the presence of chloride ions with silver nitrate. Dry the product. If the pink Co (W exchanged Nax zeolite is dried at room temperature, it remains pink. If it is dried in an oven at about 150C. it will be light blue gray
1 a) Describe the synthesis chemically (mechanism / reaction type, no
execution). How the product is formed and what species are present in the reaction
the mixtures and how do they then react with each other?
b) Explain the different colors of the Co (II) exchanged NaX Zeolite.
and explain how to determine the channel size of Zeolite NaX.
c) Discuss the structure and structure of some different Zeolites and name and describe some (3) important applications for different Zeolites.