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Question 01: A wall of 5 m high with a smooth vertical back retains a backfill of dry sandy gravel with a horizontal surface level at the top of the wall (see Fig. 21.a). Determine the percentage reduction in the active thrust if the top 2.5 m of backfill is replaced with dry cinders (see Fig. 91.b). The soil properties are given below. Sandy gravel: p=2.3 Mg/m = 44 Cinders: p=1.5 Mg/m = 31 Dry sandy gravel Dry cinder 0 = 31 P.-1.5 Mg/m 2.5 m = 44 P.-2.3 Mg/m + S m Dry sandy gravel Smooth 2.5 m = 440 P.-2.3 Mg/m (a) (b) Figure 01 - Cross sectional details of retaining wall and soil profile: (a) At the initial case, and (b) after replacing the top 2.5 m layer with Cinder