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4. (a) Explain using diagrams the key differences between the settlement behaviour of coarse-grained and fine-grained soils. (20 marks) (b) Draw a typical one-dimensional soil compression curve, labelling the different stages of consolidation/compression, and use this diagram to explain the different stages of consolidation (20 marks) (c) A 10.0m layer of clay beneath an embankment is free to drain to a drainage layer at the top and to weathered bedrock at the bottom. Laboratory tests have found that the coefficient of consolidation of the clay, G. was 2.5 m/year. (0) Assuming two-way drainage, determine the time required for 70% and 90% of the ultimate consolidation settlement to take place? 1 (ll) Comment on the results of (1) above, mentioning the relative difference in time between reaching 70% and 90% consolidation Suggest two methods of speeding up the time for consolidation settlement of the embankment? (60 marks) Aide Memoire: Tod² Cy= t U 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 T, 0.008 0.031 0.071 0.126 0,197 0.287 0.403 0.567 0.848 00
4. (a) Explain using diagrams the key differences between the settlement behaviour of coarse-grained and fine-grained soils. (20 marks) (b) Draw a typical one-dimensional soil compression curve, labelling the different stages of consolidation/compression, and use this diagram to explain the different stages of consolidation (20 marks) (c) A 10.0m layer of clay beneath an embankment is free to drain to a drainage layer at the top and to weathered bedrock at the bottom. Laboratory tests have found that the coefficient of consolidation of the clay, G. was 2.5 m/year. (0) Assuming two-way drainage, determine the time required for 70% and 90% of the ultimate consolidation settlement to take place? 1 (ll) Comment on the results of (1) above, mentioning the relative difference in time between reaching 70% and 90% consolidation Suggest two methods of speeding up the time for consolidation settlement of the embankment? (60 marks) Aide Memoire: Tod² Cy= t U 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 T, 0.008 0.031 0.071 0.126 0,197 0.287 0.403 0.567 0.848 00