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1. (a) Discuss the differences between compaction and consolidation? (10 marks) (b) Name the most common laboratory test used to determine the consolidation properties of a soil and briefly describe how it is carried out using a diagram if necessary (20 marks) Mention two consolidation parameters that may be determined from this test. (c) Ground investigation is vital to geotechnical design. Discuss this statement. Briefly outline the means and methods of. 0) Drilling and excavation () Sampling (111) In-situ testing (20 marks) (d) A slope that may be taken as infinitely long in a sand is shown in Figure Q1 (d). The gravel has an effective stress friction angle of p' and no effective cohesion, i.e. c = 0 kPa. The forces E are equal and the water table is well below the slope. W represents the weight of the soil element shown. Derive an equation for the factor of safety against translational/shallow failure for the soil element shown in terms of the angle of the slope B and the friction angle of the soil o'. Using the equation derived for Part O. determine the factor of safety against translationalshallow failure of the slope if the angle B is 26" and the constant volume angle of friction of the sand ocis 30. Assume d' = 0 kPa. Sand E - 1 E w Fig. 21 (d) (50 marks)