Answer Happy

Q3. The calculations, graphs, results, discussion and conclusion of Q3 would be completed based on the experimental data collected in the lab in the previous class. Experiment: Bernoulli's theorem Aim To verify Bernoulli's theorem as applied to flow of water in a tapered pipe fitted with piezometer tubes. Apparatus - ✓ A tank to supply water, ✓ Atapered pipe fitted with piezometer tubes at different diameter sections, ✓ Measuring tank, ✓ Stop watch. (a) Discuss the Bernoulli's Theorem principles and the practical applications (300 to 500 words). (10 marks) Formula Used-
P/pg +V2/2g +z = Total head = Constant The above equation can be re-written as P/p+V2/2+28 = Total head = Constant Where P/pg = Pressure head (m) V2/2g = Velocity/Kinetic head (m); 2= Datum / Potential head (m). In the current experiment z can be ignored as the venture meter is in a horizontal orientation and center line of the venture meter is considered as datum line. And hence, P/pg + V2/2g = Total head = Constant ✓ Experimental Procedure: ✓ Start the pump to allow the water to flow from the supply tank through the tapered pipe arrangement to the collecting tank. Adjust the valve to establish a steady flow. ✓ Wait till the pressure head is constant in all the piezometer tubes. Note the readings on the lower meniscus of the piezometer with respect to an assumed datum (2) ✓ Compute the area under the foot of the tapered pipe where tapping's are made for the piezometer ✓ Note down the quantity of water collected in the measuring tank for a given interval of time. ✓ Calculate the rate of flow from the quantity of water collected and time taken to collect the amount of water. ✓ Change the flow rate to repeat the experiment.
DIRECTION OF FLOW 25 16 89 H5 VENTURI METER APPARATUS A B C D E F G H KL PIEZOMETER REFERENCE J DIAMETER (mm) 26,00 23.20 18.40 16.00 16.79 18.47 20.16 21.84 23.5325.21 20.00 AREA (mm) 530.0422.7265.0 201.1 221.4267.0 319.2374.6434.8499 2530.9 DISTANCE FROM DATUM (mm) -54.0 -22.0 -8.0 7.0 22.0 37.0 52.0 57.0 82.0 102.0 Figure Q3.
(b) Observation & results table (10 marks) Experiment 1: Volume flow rate = Volume of liquid (m3)/Time (s)- m3/s Piezometer tubes A B D E F G H J K Reading on the Piezometer tubes 'h' (m) Area of cross section under the foot of each point (m) Velocity of water under the foot of each point (m/s) Pressure Energy Head P/p=gh (mº/s) Velocity Head (V2/2) (m/s) Energy Grade Line (EGL) = P/pg + v?/2g Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL)= Plpg
Experiment 2: Volume flow rate = Volume of liquid (m)/ Time (s)- m/s A с D E F G H J K L Piezometer tubes Reading on the Piezometer tubes 'h' (m) Area of cross section under the foot of each point (m) Velocity of water under the foot of each point (m/s) Pressure Energy Head P/p=gh (m/s) Velocity Head (V2/2) (m²/s) Energy Grade Line (EGL) = P/pg + v*/2g Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL)= P/pg
Experiment 3: Volume flow rate = Volume of liquid (m)/Time (s)- m/s A D E F G H J K L Piezometer tubes Reading on the Piezometer tubes 'b' (m) Area of cross section under the foot of each point (m) Velocity of water under the foot of each point (m/s) Pressure Energy Head P/p=gh (mº/s) Velocity Head (V2/2) (m²/s) Energy Grade Line (EGL)= P/pg + vº/2g Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL)= P/pg (h) (c) Sample Calculation and Graphs (10 marks) (i) (ii) Show sample calculations Draw graph for the positions of manometer Vs. energy grade line (EGL) for three different flow rates. Draw graph for the positions of manometer Vs. hydraulic grade line (HGL) for three different flow rates. (iii)
(d) Discuss whether the result and graphs validate Bernoulli's theorem. Discuss the deviation, causes of you're the result variation from the ideal conditions. (10 marks) Total: (40 marks)