Answer Happy

At orbit of Earth, solar wind has avg speed of 500 km
s−1 and number density of protons of 5 cm−3.
Estimate the annual mass loss rate from the Sun due to the solar
wind.
A coronal mass ejection (CME) typically ejects
about 1013 kg of material. Assuming that, on average, one
CME occurs each day, estimate the annual mass loss rate due to
CMEs. Express the CME mass loss rate as a percentage of the solar
wind rate.
discuss whether mass loss due to the solar wind and CMEs are
important over the life time of the Sun.
The solar wind has a particle composition which is mostly
protons and electrons but in- cludes a component of ionized Helium
He2+ that amounts to about 5% by number. Estimate how your
results would change if you included this component.
Originally it was thought that the Sun's corona would behave like a static (zero velocity) atmosphere, where the gravitational force per unit volume was balanced by the pressure force. The governing equation is then: 0 dp PGM. dr r2 = where r is the radial coordinate, p(r) pressure, and p(r) density. The pressure can be assumed to be given by p = p2kT/m where the corona is considered to be made of ionized hydrogren with m = me + mp, and to be isothermal (i.e., temperature T is constant). k is the Boltzmann constant. Show that in this model the pressure has a limiting value for large values of r such that pPo exp xp GM.m 1 2KT R wherer = R is the base of the corona where p = po. Using a coronal temperature of T = 106 K, show that this expression would give a pressure at large distances from the Sun much larger than the observed interstellar pressure of approximately 10-9 po. What can be inferred from this result?