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Page < of 4 ZOOM + T $D Atmospheric Characteristics and Layers Use your textbook or the internet to research the layers of the atmosphere listed below. Next to the layer, describe what you find in your research. We will use some of this information to complete the lab in class. 1. Troposphere 2. Stratosphere 3. Mesosphere - 4. Thermosphere - Next, let's investigate some other terms. Use your text or the internet to find definitions for the following terms. 5. Atmospheric Pressure 6. Ozone (0) 7. Ozone Layer 8. Greenhouse Gase - 9. Greenhouse Effect -

Page > of 4 ZOOM + TO Weather is constantly changing, sometimes from hour to hour and other times, day to day. It is the term that refers to the state of the atmosphere at a given time and place. 2. Earth is sometimes called the Planet because the majority of the Earth's surface is covered by 3. The greatest factor underlying water's importance is its ability to exist in _physical states within the temperatures rangos encountered near the Earth's surface. 4. In the space below, draw and label the different processes that are part of the water cycle - make sure you include precipitation, condensation, evaporation, transpiration, advection, runoff, percolation and infiltration 5. When precipitation falls on the land, it either soaks into the ground, a process called flows over the surface as or is immediately evaporated. 6 whereas is the process by which water changes from a liquid to vapor, is the process by which water vapor changes into liquid. 2

Page < 3 > of 4 ZOOM + TS T $D 7. When warm, moist air rises, it as atrriospheric pressure decreases at higher altitudes. Air's ability to hold water vapor is decreased as pressure is reduced and cools adiabatically and eventually reaching its saturation level. As a result, rising air becomes unable to hold water vapors (air is saturated), leading to condensation and then followed by 8. is the pressure exerted by the weight of the air above. Average air pressure at sea level is approximately millibars (mb) 9. Generally air tends to resist vertical movement; air near the surface, stays at the surface, air aloft, stays aloft. One way to move air vertically is convective lifting, warm is (less, more) dense and (less, more) buoyant and therefore rises. 10. When an air mass near the ground is heated, the air molecules vibrates faster and increase collision among the molecules, this causes air to decreasing its density. The lower density alr rises creating a pressure system. 11. A pressure system forms as cool air in the upper atmosphere, which is more dense than the surrounding warmer air, sinks towards the ground. . 12. Wind is the result of horizontal differences in atmospheric pressure. Air flows outward from areas of pressure and into areas of pressure. 13. The amount of pressure change occurring over a given distance is called pressure gradient force. The relationship between wind speed and pressure gradient is the greater the pressure gradient, the (stronger/weaker) the wind, of their 14. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis Effect curves objects to the straight-line paths. In the Southern Hemisphere, the Coriolis Effect curves objects to the 15. The Coriolis Effect is at a (maximum/ minimum) at the poles and at a (maximum/minimum) at the equator. 3

Page < of 4 ZOOM + TO 16. More solar energy absorbed in the tropics than at the poles. As a result, the Earth's surface is (cooler/warmer) near the poles and (cooler/warmer) at the equator 17. The hot conditions at the equator warm air and cause it to The warm air travels north at high altitude where the air cools and near 30 latitude. This creates a circulation pattern where surface air flows away from 30 to the equator. 18. The combination of the Coriolis Effect, which influences the wind's and the pressure gradient, which produces wind generate Global Air Circulation. 19. Severe weather is often associated with fronts, the boundaries between and warm air masses. Fronts accompany moist, unstable alr rising up into the atmosphere where the air cools, condenses and eventually forms 20. Most severe cold fronts that can produce thunderstorms in the U.S. are the result of a air mass originating from the northern plains states colliding with a air mass moving northward from out of the Gulf of Mexico. 21. In a Front, a cold air s move more rapidly than an adjacent air mass, causing rapid lifting and displacement of the warm air. 22. In a Front, a warm air mass moves more rapidly than the adjacent air mass, and thus rises over the cold air mass. moist air to high altitudes, causing instability, 23. Advancing cold fronts rapidly lift condensation, precipitation and tornadoes. 24. Draw and label cross sections of both warm and cold fronts. Include air mass (cold and warm), direction of front, air movement, updraft, area of precipitation, thunderstorm or medium precipitation and cloud coverage.