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Short Answer 1. How would the P-wave velocity of a porous, water-saturated sandstone change if some of the water were replaced by natural gas? 2. When a P-wave strikes the interface between two rock layers at normal incidence (angle of incidence = 90°), what waves travel on from there, and which way? 3. 2D seismic data are acquired along a 1D line on the surface. 3D seismic data are acquired over a 2D area of the surface. How is 4D seismic data acquired? 4. The acoustic impedance of a rock layer is a parameter that may be calculated from some other common rock parameters. Write down an expression for this calculation in words, not just symbols (unless you define the symbols).