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17. Modern monoclonal antibody therapies: a. With few exceptions, are effective only at targeting extracellular molecules, such as receptors on cell surfaces. b. Are made in mice, so they are recognized as foreign by the host immune system and often trigger immune responses, inflammation, or even shock. Can be linked to toxins for targeted cancer cell killing. d. Can block the interactions between receptors and ligands on cells. e. Can be generated by immunizing patients with cancer neoantigens. 18. Why are translocations common in leukemias and much less common in carcinomas? a. Carcinomas are formed from epithelial tissues, which cannot tolerate translocations. Leukemias are formed from hematopoietic cells, that readily tolerate translocations. b. Many leukemias arise from cells that carry a recombinase-enzyme that catalyzes genome rearrangements as a part of its normal developmental physiology. C. Many leukemias arise from cells that are exposed to ionizing radiation, which causes translocations.