Answer Happy

– signifies ancestral to derived character state evolution = signifies independent evolution (convergence or parallelism) x signifies a reversal from a derived to an ancestral character state Hippos Ruminants Camels Other Cetaceans = =T4 = 15 =T6 =17 -T4 I=T5 I=T6 =T7 XT 4 XT 5 |XT 6 IXT 7 XT 4 XT 5 XT 6 JXT 7 -14 -T5 -T6 -17 -14 -T5 -T6 Hypothesis 2. ETZ Cetaceans evolved from the Artiodactyl cladel

-T7 Hypothesis 2. Cetaceans evolved from the Artiodactyl cladel T4 TS T6 T7 Cetartiodactyla Other mammals Camels Ruminants Hippopotami Whales (Cetaceans) Paired toes 0 1 1 1 0 Trochleated astragalus 0 1 1 1 0 B-casein 162 с с т т т B-casein 166 т А G OOOH 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 Which mapping of shared derived states of the four transposable element inserts (state 1 for each of characters T4 through T7) depicts the most parsimonious (conservative) evolution mapping in black regular font mapping in blue italics font mapping in brown underlined font all three mappings are equally parsimonious