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Q1. Answer all sections Bio-ethanol (C2H60) is alcohol produced by fermentation of carbohydrates from food waste and cellulosic biomass derived from non-food sources, such as trees and grasses. This engine fuel is widely used for vehicles in the United States and in Brazil; it contains a weight ratio of 95% ethanol and 5% water. Ethanol is a particulate-free burning fuel source that combusts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, and water. a) Write and balance the chemical equation of combustion of ethanol. [5 marks] b) Considering the following standard enthalpy values, calculate the heat of combustion of ethanol. Is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? Hº (C2H6O(g))=-277.6 kJ mol-1 Hº (O2(g)) = 0 kJ mol-1 Hº (CO2(g)) = -393.5 kJ mol Hº (H2O(1)) = -285.8 kJ mor" [5 marks] c) c) Calculate the energy content (expressed in MJ/kg) of the ethanol in bio- ethanol. [5 marks) d) Calculate the CO2 emissions of a bio-ethanol combustion plant expressed in kg of CO2 per GJ of heat produced. [5 marks] e) Calculate the emissions of CO2 expressed in mº per ton of bioethanol burned in standard conditions of pressure (1 atm) and temperature (0°C). [5 marks] Note: H = 1 g/mol C = 12 g/mol O = 16 g/mol PV = nRT R = 0.082056 L atm molt K1