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Question 1 A system of two surface reservoirs is given in the figure below. The upstream reservoir is built to generate electricity through a small hydropower plant (hpp). The downstream reservoir is built to supply water (ws), it has a maximum storage capacity of 180,000 m and the initial volume of water stored is 180,000 m (the reservoir starts full). The table below shows flows coming down the river Qirat) and the flows supplied from the downstream reservoir Qws(t) during a 24-hour period. During the same 24-hour period the hydropower plant has worked only during certain time periods, as shown in the table. Table: Flows Time Qint Qys period (m/s) (m/s) (m/s) 0 am - 4 am 1.0 2.0 0.0 4 am - 8 am 2.0 3.0 8.0 8 am - 12 pm 2.0 2.0 0.0 12 pm - 4 pm 2.0 2.0 0.0 4 pm - 8 pm 2.0 3.0 4.0 8 pm - O am 2.0 0.0 One Qont NNNNE OOOOO taro USINNIWINE lolololololo ElOOOO olololololo 1.0 O Qen Figure: Reservoir system schematic (a) Determine storage in the water supply reservoir at the end of each 4 hour time period assuming a constant environmental release Qome of 0.7 mº/s from this reservoir during the 24 hour time period. [15 marks) (b) Determine the total volume of water spilled from the water supply reservoir over the 24 hour period (t.e. in addition to all other releases from this reservoir). [5 marks] (c) Determine how large the storage capacity of the water supply reservoir would need to be to ensure that no more than 20,000 mº of water would be spilled from the reservoir for the given flow and demand conditions, if the initial volume of water stored in the reservoir was still 180,000 m [5 marks)
Question 2 (a) The longitudinal and transverse cross sections of an unconfined aquifer are shown in the figure below. The water table is parallel to the land surface. Water takes 3 years to move from well A to well B. The hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer is 120m/day. (0) Find the effective porosity of the aquifer [5 marks) (ii) 2.2* 10% m of water flows through the aquifer cross section each week. What is the width, 'W' of the aquifer? (5 marks] ) K-3.94 km 33.0 m B 40.0 m 56.0 m