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3. A 1.7 km section of pipe 35 cm in diameter is used to transport oil (p = 950 kg/m', n = 0.20 Pa s). a) What must be the pressure difference between the two ends of the pipe if it is to transport oil at a volume flow rate of 400 cm/s? b) If the pipe was replaced with one with half the diameter, what would be the effect on the flow rate if everything else remained the same? 4. Four arrangements of pipes are shown below, in each of them water flows from left to right. The cross sectional area at point X is A, and at Y is A or VA as shown. (Imagine you are looking down on these pipes that sit on a horizontal table). WA x WA X х a) For each arrangement, sketch 3 or 4 streamlines and comment on the flow speed and pressure at points X and Y, using the ideas of continuity, and Bernoulli. b) Use your answers from part a) to explain how closely spaced tall buildings can cause wind tunnel effects at ground level, producing very strong winds. c) How can this effect cause windows to blow outwards when a wind is blowing?