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EXPERIMENT 1 Diode Applications: Rectifiers, Clippers / Limiters, and Level Shifter Circuits A. Half-Wave Rectifier Step 1: Distinguish the terminals of the diode using the multimeter in the diode test mode. Step 2: Build the below circuit on the bread board. D1 + 1N4148 Vi R1 10k Vo Step 3: Apply the input voltage, Vi, from the laboratory-type power supply. Vary the input voltage from -3V to +2.5V to the values given in the table below, and record the measured output voltage values, Vo, in the table below. Draw the input-output (1/0) characteristic on the axis provided below by using the data recorded in the table. -3 -1 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 Vi (V) Vo (V) Vout Vin

Step 4: Using the function generator, set a sinusoidal signal with a magnitude of 6V and frequency of 50 Hz. Apply the signal generated by the function generator to the input of the circuit. Display both input and the output voltage waveforms on the oscilloscope's screen and draw them in a scaled format on the dashed paper graph shown below. V/div= T/div> Vavg= VRMs Write the average and effective (rms) value formulas for the following signals and investigate how these equations are derived. Average value formula Effective (rms) value formula Signal Pure sinusoid Half-wave rectified sinusoid Full-wave rectified sinusoid Step 5: Connect a capacitor of 33 uF to the output of the circuit as depicted below. Draw the output signal that is displayed on the oscilloscope screen. D1 A + 1N4148 Vi C1 33PF R1 10k Vo V/div> T/div= Calculate the ripple voltage: Measure the ripple voltage by the oscilloescope cursor ability V,=

Step 6: Repeat the Step 5 with a capacitor of 10 uF and a resistor of 10 k.2. Measure the ripple voltage by using the oscilloescope's cursors. Comment on this new value of ripple. Comment: Step 7: Repeat the Step 6 with a capacitor of 10 uF and a resistor of 4.7 k12. Measure the ripple voltage by using the oscilloescope's cursors. Comment on this new value of ripple. Vr = Comment: Step 8: Continue the experiment with the component values in step 7. Increase the frequency so that no ripple is observed in the output voltage. Comment on the decrement in the ripple voltage as the frequency increases. Provide the equation to calculate the ripple voltage. Vr = Comment:

B. Clipper Circuits Step 1: Build the circuit shown below. Using the function generator, set a sinusoidal signal with a magnitude of 6V and frequency of 1 kHz. Apply this signal as the input signal, Vi. Use the laboratory-type power supply as V1 and set it as V1=2V. Display both input and the output voltage waveforms on the oscilloscope's screen and draw them in a scaled format on the dashed paper graph shown below. R1 + 4.7k D1 1N4148 Vi Vo V1 2V V/div= T/div= Step 2: Build the circuit shown below. Using the function generator, set a sinusoidal signal with a magnitude of 6V and frequency of 1 kHz. Display both input and the output voltage waveforms on the oscilloscope's screen and draw them in a scaled format on the dashed paper graph shown below. R1 + 4.7k Vi D1 1N4148 D2 1N4148 Vo V/div= T/div=

Step 2: Build the circuit shown below. Using the function generator, set a sinusoidal signal with a magnitude of 6V and frequency of 1 kHz. Display both input and the output voltage waveforms on the oscilloscope's screen and draw them in a scaled format on the dashed paper graph shown below. R1 + 4.7k Vi D1 1N4148 D2 1N4148 VO V/div= T/div= Step 3: Build the circuit shown below. Using the function generator, set a sinusoidal signal with a magnitude of 6V and frequency of 1 kHz. Display both input and the output voltage waveforms on the oscilloscope's screen and draw them in a scaled format on the dashed paper graph shown below. R1 4.7k D1 Vi Vo D2 The device code for D1 and D2 is DSTK0357 (3.3V Zener) V/div= T/div> C. Level Shifter Circuits Step 1: Build the circuit shown below. Using the signal generator, generate a square wave function pulsating between -5V and +5V with a frequency of 1 kHz, and set the duty cycle as 50%. Display both the input and output voltage waveforms on the oscilloscope's screen and draw them in a scaled format on the dashed paper graph shown below. C1 33р Vi D1 1N4148 R1 4.7k Vo V/div= T/div> Calculate the time constant for discharging interval. Explain the operation principle of the circuit: Yes No Have you turned off all devices? Have you organized the materials and the cables? Did you push your seats under the tables? Did you put the devices in their original places? 010