2. (a) Describe the angular distribution of light emitted from a planar light emitting diode with the schematic diagram.
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2. (a) Describe the angular distribution of light emitted from a planar light emitting diode with the schematic diagram. State the relationship of light coupling efficiency. (5 marks) (b) Show the device structure and describe the operation condition of optical amplifier and modulator. (5 marks) (c) (i) State three methods to make a laser become single mode emission. (3 marks) EEE/ELEC3349/ 2021 May page 2 of 3 (ii) Give the reasons why VCSELs typically has low threshold current and low output power. (3 marks) (d) Describe the possible radiative and non-radiative recombination processes of excited electrons and holes with the assist of plotting diagrams. (9 marks)