Answer Happy

An eight-year cohort study of 3160 initially disease-free men
and women (ages 60 years and up) recorded the extent of physical
activity the participants engaged in and whether or not they were
showing signs of “healthy aging” (British Journal of Sports
Medicine, 2013). Here is the table of summarized counts at the
conclusion of the study:
Activity Level
Inactive
Moderate
Vigorous
Total
Healthy Aging?
Yes
61
314
327
702
No
598
1105
755
2458
Total
659
1419
1082
3160
QUESTION:
State a conclusion about causation.
Group of answer choices
This result allows a cause-and-effect conclusion to be
drawn because it is a randomized experiment.
This result does not allow a cause-and-effect
conclusion to be drawn because it is not a randomized
experiment.
This result allows a cause-and-effect conclusion to be
drawn because it is not a randomized experiment.
This result does not allow a cause-and-effect
conclusion to be drawn because it is a randomized
experiment.