Answer Happy

The temperature measurements taken at the observatory over the
last century revealed a systematic trend of increasing temperature.
Propose a method how to estimate the increasing trend (per year)
and its uncertainty. Provide a numerical example by using 100
values of the mean annual temperature measurements. Provide the
result in terms of annual (linear) temperature change (over the
last century) and its uncertainty. Moreover, propose the method to
estimate a non-linear trend in temperature measurements and asses
if the estimated value is stochastically significant.
Require:
write the report of proposing the method,
numerical model with a numerical example how to solve
environmental problems by applying the
least-squares adjustment theory.