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Experiment 5 The Acceleration of Gravity (g) Obiective: To measure (Ⓡ) by measuring the period of oscillations of a simple pendulum Equipment: A computer with Intemet connection, a calculator (The built-in calculator of the computer may be used.), paper, and pencil Theory: Gravity exerts a force on every object. This force is proportional to the mass of the object. The proportionality constant is the acceleration of gravity. The gravity acceleration (g) decreases with increasing elevation; however, for a few thousand foct above the Earth's surface, it remains fairly constant. In this experiment, a simple pendulum will be used to measure" . A simple pendulum is made of a long string and a tiny metal sphere, steel or preferably lead (higher density). The period of oscillation of a simple pendulum may be found by the formula frictionless pivot T= 21 WT amplitude: massless rod from which we may calculate "gas 47?L T2 bob's trajectory g= massive bob equilibrium position As the first formula shows, the stronger the gravitational pull the more massive a pianet), the greater the value of g, and therefore, the shorter the period of oscillations of a pendulum swinging on that planet. If the pendulum has a steel ball, and a magnet is placed undemath the are where it trivels back and forth is it swings, the price of oscillation does change and it swings
faster. Swinging faster results in a shorter period T. Symbol g is in the denominator. A greater g mains a smaller T. Procedure: Note: The applet you open bas an error in it. The correct unit for the length of pendulum is (cm) and not (m) as shown in the applet. 1. Click on the following link: http://www.phy.ntnu.edu.tw/oldjava/pendulum 30/pendulum html. A swinging pendulum appears. By changing the length of its string, you can change its period of oscillation, T. Period, is defined as the time of one full oscillation. In this applet, the small hanging mass always swings from its rightmost position This can be used as a reference point or state for counting the number of oscillations. The time clapsed between every two consecutive states is the period, T. To measure T, mansure the time for 25 or 50 oscillations (swings) and then divide that time by 25 or 50 2. Select a length of L=115cm (1.15m) or as close to 115cm as you can. This can be done by the mouse. Hold the hanging tiny mass and move it with the mouse to get the desired length for the pendulum. As soon as you release the mass, swinging starts along with the timer tured on simultaneously. Reset the time to zero by clicking on the "Reset button and reselect the length when needed. 3. Practice the applet a few times. When you are ready, as soon as the pendulum starts moving count ZERO. As soon as it is back to the right again, count 1, next time 2 and so on. At the 25th occurrence, for example, if you click on the applet and hoid, you can record the elapsed time from the timer. 4. Calculate the time of one oscillation or the period (1) by dividing the total time by the number of oscillations you counted. 5. Use your calculated (1) along with the exact length of the pendulum (L.) in the above formula to find "g. This is your measured value for "g." 6. Repent the above procedure for 3 more cases. Choose 3 other values for L. between 125cm and 158cm and record them in the Table in rows 2, 3, and 4 7. Run each case for a different number of oscillations, but not less than 25 8. Record your measured time and the corresponding # of oscillations and calculate in cach case. In each case you should get close to its accepted value of 9 81 mis 9. Calculate the mean value of "" and record it is the space provided. This is your measured value for " 10. Find a "error on "x" knowing that the acceplof value is 981 m/s! Accepted - Mensared % errore x 100 Accepted Data Given: = 9.81 m/s 980 m/s2 9:32.2ft se
Data Table Number of T-ting-sher T=271 Ig=980 talsi Oscill. seconds) 10 1-Men Total time of Trial Length (L) oscillations 10 seconds) 100 cm 20 sec 90cm 19.15.se 80 cm 1875 se 70 cm 17.15 sec 60cm 16 ACE SD cm 145XC oloa alalalala סן 7 om 1340 10 8 30cm KC 10 1 g= 41722 = a) Calculate T T T is the time for ona Vibration by calculate g c) calculate T= 27, 27757 g=980(m/s² d) plot the graph List² 2 L helto number Interclata e calculate percentage error T 날