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2. 6.7.11, page 216, and refer to its table on the next page. Decaf 26 1 Caffeine 28 11 -3 14 -2 -4 0 -4 14 18 2 16 8 6.7.11 Researchers were interested in the short-term effect that caffeine has on heart rate. They enlisted a group of volunteers and measured each person's resting heart rate. Then they had each subject drink 6 ounces of coffee. Nine of the subjects were given coffee contain- ing caffeine, and 11 were given decaffeinated coffee. After 10 minutes each person's heart rate was measured again. The data in the table show the change in heart rate; a positive number means that heart rate went up, and a negative number means that heart rate went down.47 2 0 9 18 -10 11 5.9 11.2 3.4 7 5 73 11.1 3.7 SE
(a) Use the data to construct a 90% confidence interval for the difference in mean effect that caffeinated coffee has on heart rate, in comparison to decaffeinated coffee (df=17.3). 0) Compute the confidence interval by hand using the formulas for this section and show all steps. (ii) Type or write the calculator steps and the result from computing the confidence interval by using the Tl calculator. (ii) Copy the commands and the result from computing the confidence interval by using the R software. (b) Using the obtained confidence interval obtained through all these methods, is it reasonable to believe that the caffeine may affect the heart rate? If so, by how much? 3.