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012-02744K Introductory Optics System Experiment 1: Introduction to Ray Optics EQUIPMENT NEEDED: -Optics Bench. -Ray Table and Base, -Light Source, -Component Holder, -Ray Table Component Holder, -Slit Plate, -Viewing Screen. Slit Plate. Viewing Screen Figure 1.1 Equipment Setup Purpose Observe straight line propagation of light. Use Ray Tracing to locate an object. Procedure Set up the equipment as shown in Figure 1.1, and turn on the Light Source. Darken the room enough so the light rays on the Ray Table are easily visible. Straight Line Propagation of Light Observe the light rays on the Ray Table. ⒸAre the rays straight? Yes How does the width and distinctness of each ray vary with its distance from the Slit Plate? Set the Viewing Screen and its holder aside for the next step. ⒸLower your head until you can look along one of the "Rays" of light on the Ray Table. Where does the light originate? What path did it take going from there to your eye? Try this for several rays. Replace the Viewing Screen as shown in Figure 1.1. Rotate the Slit Plate slowly on the component holder until the slits are horizontal. Observe the slit images on the Viewing Screen. How does the width and distinctness of the slit images depend on the angle of the Slit Plate? For what angle of the Slit Plate are the images most distinct? For what angle are the images least distinct?
On a separate sheet of paper, explain your observations in terms of the straight line propaga- tion of light. Include a diagram showing how the width of the slit images depends on the orientation of the Light Bulb filament with respect to the Slit Plate. Ray Tracing: Locating the Filament Slit Plate Filament Light Source Note: The vertical edge of the notch on the side of the Light Source indicates the position of the filament. Center Paper Figure 1.2: Ray Tracing You can use the fact that light propagates in a straight line to measure the distance between the Light Source filament and the center of the Ray Table. Figure 1.2 shows how. The rays on the Ray Table all originate from the filament of the Light Source. Since light travels in a straight line, you need only extend the rays backward to locate the filament. (See Step 3 in the first part of this experiment.) Place a piece of blank white paper on top of the Ray Table, holding it ther with a piece of tape. Make a reference mark on the paper at the position of the center of the Ray Table. Using a pencil and straight edge, trace the edges of several of the rays onto the paper. Remove the paper. Use the pencil and straightedge to extend each of the rays. Trace them back to their common point of intersection. (You may need to tape on an additional sheet of paper.) Label the filament and the center of the Ray Table on your diagram. Measure the distance between your reference mark and the point of intersection of the rays. Use the metric scale on the Optics Bench to measure the distance between the filament and the center of the Ray Table directly (see the note in Figure 1.2). How well do your measurements in Steps 1 and 2 agree? Comment. One of the key ideas that this experiment illustrates is the ability for us to trace light rays to their origin or apparent origin. This concept will prove most useful in future experiments. Component Holder Rays on Ray Table