Experience Commands 0to5 2 0to5 4 0to5 10 0to5 10 0to5 6 0to5 15 5to10 1 5to10 4 5to10 3 5to10 3 5to10 5 5to10 7 10to15
Posted: Thu May 05, 2022 6:41 pm
Experience
Commands
0to5
2
0to5
4
0to5
10
0to5
10
0to5
6
0to5
15
5to10
1
5to10
4
5to10
3
5to10
3
5to10
5
5to10
7
10to15
2
10to15
0
10to15
5
10to15
1
10to15
2
10to15
0
15+
3
15+
3
15+
1
15+
0
15+
3
15+
0
A recent study by Ward and Melfi (2015) has suggested that
animals in zoos may have very different behavioural responses to
individual keepers, making them more or less likely to comply with
instructions from certain keepers compared to others and that this
may be associated with experience of the keeper. To test this, a
group of researchers took 24 zookeepers with varying levels of
experience grouped as 0-5 years, 5-10 years, 10-15 years, and 15+
years. They put each zookeeper in an enclosure with a rhino (assume
a different randomly selected rhino for each zookeeper, and no
rhino had previous experience with that zookeeper), and observed
how many times it was necessary to issue a verbal command for the
rhino to leave the enclosure through an open gate. In some
cases the rhino seemed happy to leave the enclosure even before the
zookeeper issued a command. The researchers wanted to see whether
zookeeper experience was linked to how quickly (determined by how
many commands needed to be issued) the rhino left the enclosure.
The column ‘experience’ is the number of years experience of the
individual zookeeper, and the column ‘commands’ in the number of
verbal commands required before the rhino leaves the enclosure.
What would be the appropriate biological conclusion to draw from
this analysis?
A. There are indeed differences in the number of commands needed
to get the rhinos to leave the enclosures dependent on the years of
experience of the zookeeper.
B. Based on the results it would be unsafe to draw a biological
conclusion from the dataset.
C. There are no differences in the number of commands needed to
get the rhinos to leave the enclosures. It is not dependent on the
years of experience of the zookeeper.
D. There are differences in the zookeeper experience needed to
get the rhinos to leave the enclosures.
Now determine which zookeeper groups are different from each
other in terms of number of commands needed, based on Tukey’s
multiple comparison test. Give the letters associated with each
grouping below. In each case pick the correct letterings.
NB Look at the output carefully – the groupings may not
be in the order presented below! Write each letter separated by a
comma and a space, see this made up example:
b, b, ab, c
Make sure to respect the spaces and commas. Do not add
any dots or any other symbols. Do not add any spaces or symbols
after the last letter.
Provide (in order) the letterings for the groups.
0 to 5 years, 5 to 10 years, 10 to 15 years, 15+ years
From the plot of means and Tukey’s test, what are the correct
conclusions about differences in command ability in relation to the
experience of the zookeeper?
A. Zookeepers with 0 to 5 years experience need to give
significantly less commands before the rhino will leave the
enclosure than more experiences zookeepers with 10 to 15, or 15+
years of experience. There is no significant difference in number
of commands needed though between the zookeepers of the two most
experienced groups.
B. Zookeepers with 0 to 5 years experience need to give
significantly less commands before the rhino will leave the
enclosure than more experiences zookeepers with 10 to 15, or 15+
years of experience. There is a significant difference in number of
commands needed though between the zookeepers of the two most
experienced groups.
C. Zookeepers with 0 to 5 years experience need to give
significantly more commands before the rhino will leave the
enclosure than more experiences zookeepers with 10 to 15, or 15+
years of experience. There is no significant difference in number
of commands needed though between the zookeepers of the two most
experienced groups.
D. Zookeepers with 0 to 5 years experience need to give
significantly more commands before the rhino will leave the
enclosure than more experiences zookeepers with 10 to 15, or 15+
years of experience. There is a significant difference in number of
commands needed though between the zookeepers of the two most
experienced groups.
5. From the plot of means and Tukey’s test, how would you
interpret the results for zookeepers with 5-10 years
experience.
A. The mean number of commands here lies in between the
inexperienced group and the two more experienced groups – however,
the lettering ‘ab’ indicates that is not statistically different
from either the 0 to 5 years group, or the 10 to 15 and 15+
groups.
B. The mean number of commands here lies in between the
inexperienced group and the two more experienced groups – however,
the lettering ‘ab’ indicates that is not statistically different
from the 10 to 15 and 15+ groups only.
C. The mean number of commands here lies in between the
inexperienced group and the two more experienced groups – however,
the lettering ‘ab’ indicates that is not statistically different
from the 0 to 5 years group only.
D. The mean number of commands here lies in between the
inexperienced group and the two more experienced groups – however,
the lettering ‘ab’ indicates it is statistically different from
either the 0 to 5 years group, or the 10 to 15 and 15+ groups.
Commands
0to5
2
0to5
4
0to5
10
0to5
10
0to5
6
0to5
15
5to10
1
5to10
4
5to10
3
5to10
3
5to10
5
5to10
7
10to15
2
10to15
0
10to15
5
10to15
1
10to15
2
10to15
0
15+
3
15+
3
15+
1
15+
0
15+
3
15+
0
A recent study by Ward and Melfi (2015) has suggested that
animals in zoos may have very different behavioural responses to
individual keepers, making them more or less likely to comply with
instructions from certain keepers compared to others and that this
may be associated with experience of the keeper. To test this, a
group of researchers took 24 zookeepers with varying levels of
experience grouped as 0-5 years, 5-10 years, 10-15 years, and 15+
years. They put each zookeeper in an enclosure with a rhino (assume
a different randomly selected rhino for each zookeeper, and no
rhino had previous experience with that zookeeper), and observed
how many times it was necessary to issue a verbal command for the
rhino to leave the enclosure through an open gate. In some
cases the rhino seemed happy to leave the enclosure even before the
zookeeper issued a command. The researchers wanted to see whether
zookeeper experience was linked to how quickly (determined by how
many commands needed to be issued) the rhino left the enclosure.
The column ‘experience’ is the number of years experience of the
individual zookeeper, and the column ‘commands’ in the number of
verbal commands required before the rhino leaves the enclosure.
What would be the appropriate biological conclusion to draw from
this analysis?
A. There are indeed differences in the number of commands needed
to get the rhinos to leave the enclosures dependent on the years of
experience of the zookeeper.
B. Based on the results it would be unsafe to draw a biological
conclusion from the dataset.
C. There are no differences in the number of commands needed to
get the rhinos to leave the enclosures. It is not dependent on the
years of experience of the zookeeper.
D. There are differences in the zookeeper experience needed to
get the rhinos to leave the enclosures.
Now determine which zookeeper groups are different from each
other in terms of number of commands needed, based on Tukey’s
multiple comparison test. Give the letters associated with each
grouping below. In each case pick the correct letterings.
NB Look at the output carefully – the groupings may not
be in the order presented below! Write each letter separated by a
comma and a space, see this made up example:
b, b, ab, c
Make sure to respect the spaces and commas. Do not add
any dots or any other symbols. Do not add any spaces or symbols
after the last letter.
Provide (in order) the letterings for the groups.
0 to 5 years, 5 to 10 years, 10 to 15 years, 15+ years
From the plot of means and Tukey’s test, what are the correct
conclusions about differences in command ability in relation to the
experience of the zookeeper?
A. Zookeepers with 0 to 5 years experience need to give
significantly less commands before the rhino will leave the
enclosure than more experiences zookeepers with 10 to 15, or 15+
years of experience. There is no significant difference in number
of commands needed though between the zookeepers of the two most
experienced groups.
B. Zookeepers with 0 to 5 years experience need to give
significantly less commands before the rhino will leave the
enclosure than more experiences zookeepers with 10 to 15, or 15+
years of experience. There is a significant difference in number of
commands needed though between the zookeepers of the two most
experienced groups.
C. Zookeepers with 0 to 5 years experience need to give
significantly more commands before the rhino will leave the
enclosure than more experiences zookeepers with 10 to 15, or 15+
years of experience. There is no significant difference in number
of commands needed though between the zookeepers of the two most
experienced groups.
D. Zookeepers with 0 to 5 years experience need to give
significantly more commands before the rhino will leave the
enclosure than more experiences zookeepers with 10 to 15, or 15+
years of experience. There is a significant difference in number of
commands needed though between the zookeepers of the two most
experienced groups.
5. From the plot of means and Tukey’s test, how would you
interpret the results for zookeepers with 5-10 years
experience.
A. The mean number of commands here lies in between the
inexperienced group and the two more experienced groups – however,
the lettering ‘ab’ indicates that is not statistically different
from either the 0 to 5 years group, or the 10 to 15 and 15+
groups.
B. The mean number of commands here lies in between the
inexperienced group and the two more experienced groups – however,
the lettering ‘ab’ indicates that is not statistically different
from the 10 to 15 and 15+ groups only.
C. The mean number of commands here lies in between the
inexperienced group and the two more experienced groups – however,
the lettering ‘ab’ indicates that is not statistically different
from the 0 to 5 years group only.
D. The mean number of commands here lies in between the
inexperienced group and the two more experienced groups – however,
the lettering ‘ab’ indicates it is statistically different from
either the 0 to 5 years group, or the 10 to 15 and 15+ groups.