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Experiment 08: The effect of changing the length of a pendulum on its Period Mechanics: Period of a pendulum; scientific method Data Studio file: 09.Period of Pendulum.ds Equipment List 1 PASCO Interface (for one sensor) 1 Motion Sensor on ch 1 and 2 1 Photogate Pendulum Set 1 Pendulum Clamp 1 Rod 1 String, spool 1 Measuring tape 1 Protractor 1 Large Rod Base Introduction The purpose of this activity is to measure the period of a simple pendulum and to use scientific methods to determine the relationships between the period of a pendulum and its length, the mass of the pendulum, and the amplitude of the pendulum. Use the Motion Sensor to measure the motion of the pendulum as it swings back and forth. Use Data Studio to record and display the data. A simple pendulum consists of a particle of mass m, called the pendulum "bob". It is attached to a string of length L that has negligible mass. When the 'bob' is pulled away from its equilibrium position by an angle and released, it swings back and forth. The period, T, is the amount of time for a complete swing back-and- forth (e.g., from position 1 to position 3 and back to position 1, as in diagram above). The frequency f, is the number of complete swings per unit of time. The period is the reciprocal of the frequency. The period of pendulum is measured according to the equation below:
Calculation and result Record your observations in the data table given below. Also attach the table and graph of T' and L. T2 Actual value of g = 9.8m/s? Part A Data Table Effect of length Time Period T (3) Length L (m) Time for 10 oscillations T(s) (8) (9) age(s) 0.40 12.67 12.61 0.50 14.25 14.10 14.175 1.43 12.64 1.26 1.58 2.04 0.60 15.44| 15.41 15.425 1.54 2.37 16.61 16.67 16.64 1.66 2.75 0.70 0.80 17.93 17.87 17.9 1.79 3.20 Calculate gexp = ((4pi^2)x0.24)=9.474 % error = (9.81-9.474)/9.81 x100 = 3.41% Part B For a length of 70cm and find the time period by using motion sensor Length L (0.70m) Time for one oscillation, T 1.65 s 0.70 m Also Calculate Gexp 4pi x 0.7/1.65^2 =10.15 % error =( 9.81-10.15)/9.81 x 100 = 3.47% Questions
4. What were your predictions before starting the experiment? Does your result match your predictions before the experiment? 5. What should you do to the length of the string of a simple pendulum to double its period?