This is the instruction of the lab. I will greatly appreciate it if you help me out with this please and thank you :) Th
Posted: Mon May 02, 2022 1:17 pm
This is the instruction of the lab. I will greatly
appreciate it if you help me out with this please and thank you
This lab have two parts that need to be solved a pre-lab
questions and a worksheet questions that needs to be done after the
worksheet.
Below is the component is "electronics component
fun kit"
Lab 2: Circuit reduction and temperature measurement Overview This lab assignment uses circuit reduction and voltage divider formulae in circuit analysis and design. In Part 2.1 of the assignment, a network of multiple resistors is interconnected to create an equivalent resistance. This technique is a useful way to create an arbitrary resistance from available fixed resistors. In Part 2.2, non-ideal effects of voltmeters are investigated. A non-ideal voltmeter will introduce an additional resistance into the circuit it is connected to, so that the process of making a measurement affects the measurement itself. Finally, in Part 2.3, we will use a Wheatstone bridge and a thermistor to create a deflection measurement system. The Wheatstone bridge can be analyzed using voltage dividers. After you've finished this lab, you should be able to: . Create an arbitrary desired resistance from parallel and series combinations of other resistors State the effects of non-ideal voltmeter effects on a voltage measurement. Describe the operation of an electrical-resistance strain gauge Design and balance a Wheatstone bridge circuit . 2.1. Equivalent Resistance A network of multiple resistors can be used to implement a desired resistance. It is common, when prototyping circuits, to use this approach to create a desired resistance value. In this lab assignment we will design resistive networks, composed of the available fixed resistors, to provide specified resistances. Lab Procedures: 1. Construct the circuits you designed in the pre-lab. Use an ohmmeter to measure the equivalent resistance of each of the circuits. Comment on your results - specifically, whether the design requirements were met. Note: As always, measure and record the resistance of the individual resistors used in your circuits.
Lab 2: Circuit reduction and temperature measurement 2.2. Non-Ideal Voltage Measurement Theoretical models of electrical circuits usually don't take into account the effects of measuring the voltages and currents in the circuit. In reality, any time we measure a voltage or current, the circuit's behavior is altered to some extent - sometimes the effects of the measurement process can be very significant. In this lab assignment, we will experimentally explore the effects of non-ideal meters. In our circuit, we will measure the voltage Vout as shown in Figure 2.2.1(a). Once a voltmeter is connected in parallel with the resistor R2, we are also - whether we like it or not - placing the meter's internal resistance in parallel with the resistor R2 as shown in Figure 2.2.1(b). This can affect the measurement of the voltage Vout- Non-ideal meter + + R1 R1 5V 5V + + R2 Vout } Vout R2 RM (a) Ideal circuit (b) With non-ideal meter Figure 2.2.1. Circuit schematics. Lab Procedures: 1. Construct the circuit of Figure 2.2.1(a) with R1 = R2 = 1MO. Measure the voltage Vout using your DMM and record the voltage in your worksheet. Take a picture of the circuit, including the DMM display, and paste it in your worksheet. 2. Use your equations developed in the prelab to estimate the internal resistance of the DMM's voltmeter.
Lab 2: Circuit reduction and temperature measurement Ас CI fo LE Notes: 1. Your results should show that if R>>RM, R., -R and the measured Vout will be essentially the same as the Vout indicated in Figure 2.2.1(a). If, however, this condition is not true, the voltmeter's internal resistance can have a significant (and generally undesirable) effect on the voltage being measured. Therefore, “large" meter resistances are generally desirable. Since the definition of "large" is relative, it is important to know the internal resistance of your meter so that you know how much effect the meter will have on your measurements. 2. You will probably find that the Analog Discover internal resistance is significantly lower than the internal resistance of your DMM. 2.3. Temperature Measurement In this lab, we will design an instrumentation system to indicate temperature. The system will output a DC voltage which is indicative of the change in temperature, using a thermistor to sense temperature; the electrical resistance of the thermistor changes as the temperature. Images of some typical thermistors are shown in Figure 2.3.1. We will use a Wheatstone bridge circuit to convert this resistance change to a voltage change. A block diagram of the overall system is shown in Figure 2.3.2 and one possible implementation for a Wheatstone bridge is shown in Figure 2.3.3. Figure 2.3.1. Typical thermistors Resistance change Temperature change Thermistor Wheatstone Bridge Voltage change Figure 2.3.2. Temperature measurement system.
Lab 2: Circuit reduction and temperature measurement +5V Rtherm Vbridge R2 Rad Figure 2.3.3. Suggested Wheatstone bridge circuit. Lab Procedures: 1. Characterize the thermistor by measuring: a. the nominal resistance of the thermistor (when the thermistor is at room temperature), b. The resistance when the thermistor is warmed to the temperature of your fingers Record these values on your worksheet. 2. With Rtherm equal to the room temperature (nominal) thermistor resistance, use your equations from the prelab to choose approximate values for R1, R2, and Rad to give Vbridge = OV when the thermistor is at room temperature. 3. Use your equations from the prelab and the resistances measured in part 1 above to estimate the expected range of Vbridge over the range of temperatures part 1. 4. Build the circuit using a potentiometer to implement Radj. Adjust the resistance Radj to provide Vbridge = OV at room temperature. Take a picture of your circuit, showing the voltage measurement, and paste it in your worksheet. 5. Measure Vbridge over the full range of temperatures of part 1 above. Record these values in your worksheet. 6. Comment on your observations relative to the predicted range of output voltages relative to the measured range of output voltages.
Name: Lab 2: Circuit reduction Prelab (20 pts) 2.1. Provide below schematic sketches of circuits that will create the resistances specified below to within a tolerance of £10%. Include resistance values on your sketches. (6 pts; 2pts each) a) 5000 fixed resistor (using fixed resistors from your parts kit): b) 2522 fixed resistor (using fixed resistors from your parts kit): c) Potentiometer with range 2k12 - 12k12 (Using a potentiometer and a fixed resistor from your parts kit): 2.2. Use Figures 2.2.1 in the lab instructions to answer the questions below. 1. Provide an equation for the voltage Vout, if it is measured using an ideal voltmeter (e.g. a voltmeter with infinite internal resistance, RM+). Your answer will be a function of R1 and R2 (4 pts): 2. Provide an equation for the voltage Vout, if it is measured using a non-ideal voltmeter with resistance RM. Your answer will be a function of R1, R2, and RM (4 pts):
2.3. Thermistor and Wheatstone bridge analysis: 1. Analyze the circuit of Figure 2.3.2 in the lab instructions to write the voltage Vbridge in terms of R1, R2, Radj, and Rtherm. (6 pts) Hint: Each “side" of the bridge consists of a voltage divider. Write the voltages at either terminal of Vbridge using a voltage divider formula; V bridge is then just the difference between these expressions.
Lab 3: Circuit reduction Name: 80 points 3.1. Resistor combinations (15 pts) 1. a. List below the measured values of the individual resistors in the network you designed to create an equivalent 50022+5% resistance. Provide the measured resistance of your resistance network. Indicate whether the design requirements were met. (5 pts) b. List below the measured values of the individual resistors in the network you designed to create an equivalent 2512=5% resistance. Provide the measured resistance of your resistance network. Indicate whether the design requirements were met. (5 pts) c. List below the measured value of the fixed resistor in the network you designed. Provide the measured resistance of your resistance network over the full range of potentiometer resistance. Indicate whether the design requirements were met. (5 pts)
3.2. Voltmeter internal resistance (25 pts) 1. Provide below an image of your circuit and DMM. Give the voltage Yout measured with DMM. (13 pts) 2. Estimate the DMM voltmeter resistance:_(12 pts) 3.3. Temperature measurement (40 pts) 1. In the space below, provide the measured resistances of your thermistor for room temperature and finger temperature conditions. (6 pts; 3 pts each) 2. In the space below, provide your values for R1, R2, and Radj necessary to make Vbridge = OV at room temperature. (9 pts) 3. In the space below, provide the expected range of Vbridge over the full range of temperature change (room temperature to finger temperature). (8 pts) 4. Implement and perform a preliminary balance of your Wheatstone bridge circuit. Provide below an image showing your balanced circuit and the DMM reading when the thermistor is at room temperature. (7 pts) 5. List the range of measured Vacidae, voltages from the Wheatstone bridge for the full range of temperatures. (5 pts) 2
6. Discuss your results relative to the expected and measured output voltage ranges, including the percent error between the measured and expected values and possible reasons for differences between the two. (5 pts)
!!!!!!!!!! ::: ::::: TIT WSD ANS 500
appreciate it if you help me out with this please and thank you
- This Is The Instruction Of The Lab I Will Greatly Appreciate It If You Help Me Out With This Please And Thank You Th 1 (207.61 KiB) Viewed 41 times
questions and a worksheet questions that needs to be done after the
worksheet.
- This Is The Instruction Of The Lab I Will Greatly Appreciate It If You Help Me Out With This Please And Thank You Th 2 (122.02 KiB) Viewed 41 times
- This Is The Instruction Of The Lab I Will Greatly Appreciate It If You Help Me Out With This Please And Thank You Th 3 (29.96 KiB) Viewed 41 times
fun kit"
- This Is The Instruction Of The Lab I Will Greatly Appreciate It If You Help Me Out With This Please And Thank You Th 4 (1.2 MiB) Viewed 41 times
Lab 2: Circuit reduction and temperature measurement 2.2. Non-Ideal Voltage Measurement Theoretical models of electrical circuits usually don't take into account the effects of measuring the voltages and currents in the circuit. In reality, any time we measure a voltage or current, the circuit's behavior is altered to some extent - sometimes the effects of the measurement process can be very significant. In this lab assignment, we will experimentally explore the effects of non-ideal meters. In our circuit, we will measure the voltage Vout as shown in Figure 2.2.1(a). Once a voltmeter is connected in parallel with the resistor R2, we are also - whether we like it or not - placing the meter's internal resistance in parallel with the resistor R2 as shown in Figure 2.2.1(b). This can affect the measurement of the voltage Vout- Non-ideal meter + + R1 R1 5V 5V + + R2 Vout } Vout R2 RM (a) Ideal circuit (b) With non-ideal meter Figure 2.2.1. Circuit schematics. Lab Procedures: 1. Construct the circuit of Figure 2.2.1(a) with R1 = R2 = 1MO. Measure the voltage Vout using your DMM and record the voltage in your worksheet. Take a picture of the circuit, including the DMM display, and paste it in your worksheet. 2. Use your equations developed in the prelab to estimate the internal resistance of the DMM's voltmeter.
Lab 2: Circuit reduction and temperature measurement Ас CI fo LE Notes: 1. Your results should show that if R>>RM, R., -R and the measured Vout will be essentially the same as the Vout indicated in Figure 2.2.1(a). If, however, this condition is not true, the voltmeter's internal resistance can have a significant (and generally undesirable) effect on the voltage being measured. Therefore, “large" meter resistances are generally desirable. Since the definition of "large" is relative, it is important to know the internal resistance of your meter so that you know how much effect the meter will have on your measurements. 2. You will probably find that the Analog Discover internal resistance is significantly lower than the internal resistance of your DMM. 2.3. Temperature Measurement In this lab, we will design an instrumentation system to indicate temperature. The system will output a DC voltage which is indicative of the change in temperature, using a thermistor to sense temperature; the electrical resistance of the thermistor changes as the temperature. Images of some typical thermistors are shown in Figure 2.3.1. We will use a Wheatstone bridge circuit to convert this resistance change to a voltage change. A block diagram of the overall system is shown in Figure 2.3.2 and one possible implementation for a Wheatstone bridge is shown in Figure 2.3.3. Figure 2.3.1. Typical thermistors Resistance change Temperature change Thermistor Wheatstone Bridge Voltage change Figure 2.3.2. Temperature measurement system.
Lab 2: Circuit reduction and temperature measurement +5V Rtherm Vbridge R2 Rad Figure 2.3.3. Suggested Wheatstone bridge circuit. Lab Procedures: 1. Characterize the thermistor by measuring: a. the nominal resistance of the thermistor (when the thermistor is at room temperature), b. The resistance when the thermistor is warmed to the temperature of your fingers Record these values on your worksheet. 2. With Rtherm equal to the room temperature (nominal) thermistor resistance, use your equations from the prelab to choose approximate values for R1, R2, and Rad to give Vbridge = OV when the thermistor is at room temperature. 3. Use your equations from the prelab and the resistances measured in part 1 above to estimate the expected range of Vbridge over the range of temperatures part 1. 4. Build the circuit using a potentiometer to implement Radj. Adjust the resistance Radj to provide Vbridge = OV at room temperature. Take a picture of your circuit, showing the voltage measurement, and paste it in your worksheet. 5. Measure Vbridge over the full range of temperatures of part 1 above. Record these values in your worksheet. 6. Comment on your observations relative to the predicted range of output voltages relative to the measured range of output voltages.
Name: Lab 2: Circuit reduction Prelab (20 pts) 2.1. Provide below schematic sketches of circuits that will create the resistances specified below to within a tolerance of £10%. Include resistance values on your sketches. (6 pts; 2pts each) a) 5000 fixed resistor (using fixed resistors from your parts kit): b) 2522 fixed resistor (using fixed resistors from your parts kit): c) Potentiometer with range 2k12 - 12k12 (Using a potentiometer and a fixed resistor from your parts kit): 2.2. Use Figures 2.2.1 in the lab instructions to answer the questions below. 1. Provide an equation for the voltage Vout, if it is measured using an ideal voltmeter (e.g. a voltmeter with infinite internal resistance, RM+). Your answer will be a function of R1 and R2 (4 pts): 2. Provide an equation for the voltage Vout, if it is measured using a non-ideal voltmeter with resistance RM. Your answer will be a function of R1, R2, and RM (4 pts):
2.3. Thermistor and Wheatstone bridge analysis: 1. Analyze the circuit of Figure 2.3.2 in the lab instructions to write the voltage Vbridge in terms of R1, R2, Radj, and Rtherm. (6 pts) Hint: Each “side" of the bridge consists of a voltage divider. Write the voltages at either terminal of Vbridge using a voltage divider formula; V bridge is then just the difference between these expressions.
Lab 3: Circuit reduction Name: 80 points 3.1. Resistor combinations (15 pts) 1. a. List below the measured values of the individual resistors in the network you designed to create an equivalent 50022+5% resistance. Provide the measured resistance of your resistance network. Indicate whether the design requirements were met. (5 pts) b. List below the measured values of the individual resistors in the network you designed to create an equivalent 2512=5% resistance. Provide the measured resistance of your resistance network. Indicate whether the design requirements were met. (5 pts) c. List below the measured value of the fixed resistor in the network you designed. Provide the measured resistance of your resistance network over the full range of potentiometer resistance. Indicate whether the design requirements were met. (5 pts)
3.2. Voltmeter internal resistance (25 pts) 1. Provide below an image of your circuit and DMM. Give the voltage Yout measured with DMM. (13 pts) 2. Estimate the DMM voltmeter resistance:_(12 pts) 3.3. Temperature measurement (40 pts) 1. In the space below, provide the measured resistances of your thermistor for room temperature and finger temperature conditions. (6 pts; 3 pts each) 2. In the space below, provide your values for R1, R2, and Radj necessary to make Vbridge = OV at room temperature. (9 pts) 3. In the space below, provide the expected range of Vbridge over the full range of temperature change (room temperature to finger temperature). (8 pts) 4. Implement and perform a preliminary balance of your Wheatstone bridge circuit. Provide below an image showing your balanced circuit and the DMM reading when the thermistor is at room temperature. (7 pts) 5. List the range of measured Vacidae, voltages from the Wheatstone bridge for the full range of temperatures. (5 pts) 2
6. Discuss your results relative to the expected and measured output voltage ranges, including the percent error between the measured and expected values and possible reasons for differences between the two. (5 pts)
!!!!!!!!!! ::: ::::: TIT WSD ANS 500