Kevin worked for 10 years at a uranium mine, excavating uranium for a nearby nuclear power plant. Now, 25 years later, h

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Kevin worked for 10 years at a uranium
mine, excavating uranium for a nearby nuclear power plant. Now, 25
years later, he has either non-small or small cell lung cancer.
Kevin is anorexic and has lost a considerable amount of weight. His
muscles are wasting, and he is weak. He tries to move around the
house throughout the day but tires easily. It has been difficult
for him to access care, and the treatment for his cancer is just
starting.
Upon presenting to his doctor, Kevin’s
symptoms included bloody phlegm, cough, chest pain, and shortness
of breath. His vital signs were:
BP: 135/90
HR: 95 bpm
O2 Sat: 93%
Respiration rate: 21 breaths/min
Lab Tests/Results
Upon liquid biopsy of a tumor fragment
and blood lab tests, the following were of most importance to the
diagnosing of his cancer.
Provide rationales for each of the following:
KRAS protooncogene
mutation
Abnormal PDL-1 levels
Abnormal IL-1 levels
Abnormal interferon levels