1. Herpes zoster or shingles is a painful vesicular skin eruption involving the dermatomal distribution of a general SA

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1. Herpes zoster or shingles is a painful vesicular skin
eruption involving the dermatomal distribution of a general SA
nerve that is caused by reactivation of the chickenpox virus
(varicella–zoster virus) that has remained dormant in the dorsal
root ganglion since a childhood infection.
➤ A. Explain the reactivation of the varicella–zoster virus.
2. An event such as cardiac arrest, which produces global
ischemia of the brain, can produce a selective loss of recent
memory and cognitive skills, while the more vegetative and
life-sustaining functions such as breathing are preserved.
➤ A. Use principles related to the development of the nervous
system and hierarchy of control to explain why.
3. Usually spinal cord injury or disease produces both sensory
and motor deficits. An exception is infection by the poliomyelitis
virus, which produces weakness and paralysis without loss of
sensation in the affected extremities. ➤ A. Explain, using
information on the cell column organization of the spinal cord.
4. The functions of the sympathetic nervous system are often
described in relation to the “fight-or flight” response. Using this
description, explain the physiologic advantage for the following
distribution of sympathetic nervous system receptors:
➤ A. The presence of ß2 receptors on the blood vessels that
provide blood flow to the skeletal muscles during “fight or
flight,” and the presence of a1 receptors on the resistance vessels
that control blood pressure
➤B. The presence of acetylcholine receptors on the sweat glands
that allow for evaporative loss of body heat during “fight or
flight,” and the presence of a1 receptors that constrict the skin
vessels that control blood flow to the skin
➤ C. The presence of ß2 receptors that produce relaxation in the
detrusor muscle of the bladder during “fight or flight,” and the
presence of a1 receptors that produce contraction of the smooth
muscle in the internal sphincter of the bladder