A. Scenario: An industrial seller of grass seeds packs product in 50-pound bags. A customer has recently filed a complai

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A. Scenario: An industrial seller of grass
seeds packs product in 50-pound bags. A customer has recently filed
a complaint alleging underweight bags. A production manager
randomly samples a batch and measures the following weights:
To determine whether the machinery is indeed underfilling the
bags, the manager must conduct a one-sample t-test of
means with a significance level α = 0.05. The population
standard deviation (σ) is unknown. Use a one-tail test to show
underweight.
A1. Step 1: State the Hypotheses (Ho, H1)
A2. Step 2: Specify the Decision Rule
Include, what is the significant level (alpha), with a 95%
confidence level
A3. Step 3: Calculate the Test Statistic and p-value. Load the
Analysis ToolPak in Excel (2021)
A4. Step 4: Make the Decision
A5. Step 5: Take Action
Are the bags indeed being underweight? Should machinery be
recalibrated?
The following two questions illustrate a different outcome when
using a two-tail test.
B1. Calculate the test statistic and p-value for a two-tail
test.
B2. Compare the result to a two-tail test. Which test, one- or
two-tail, is most favorable to the production manager (less likely
to prove underfilled bags)? Why?