A3 [4 Marks] A tube of soda glass has an internal diameter of 18 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm. The is to be used as a

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A3 4 Marks A Tube Of Soda Glass Has An Internal Diameter Of 18 Mm And A Wall Thickness Of 2 Mm The Is To Be Used As A 1 (287.72 KiB) Viewed 20 times

A3 [4 Marks] A tube of soda glass has an internal diameter of 18 mm and a wall thickness of 2 mm. The is to be used as a heat exchanger, with the outer surface immersed in agitated boiling water, and ice-cold fluid flowing through the bore. 1) Estimate the maximum value of temperature difference between the outer and inner surfaces of the tube that the glass can stand without fracturing. Use data from the Table, and assume a value for Poisson's ratio of 0.3. Assume that the tensile strength of the glass in this application is approximated by the modulus of rupture 2) Estimate the maximum heat flow rate (expressed per 100 mm length of tube) which the tube can stand. Explain how differences between the properties of soda glass and Pyrex borosilicate glass (see Table) would help to increase the maximum temperature difference if Pyrex were used instead. Why is Pyrex glass always used for chemistry experiments? PROPERTIES OF CERAMICS Melting (softening) Thermal expansion coefficient Cost Young's Fracture Specific heat Thermal conductivity modulus toughness Ceramic (UK£ (US$) tonne-¹) (GPa) (MPa m¹2) temperature (K) (J kg ¹K¹) (Wm-¹K-¹) (X10 K-¹) 700 (1000) 74 0.7 (1000) 990 8.5 4.0 1000 (1400) 65 (1100) 800 70 (1400) 800 1 3 260-1000 (360-1400) 4 × 108 (6 × 108) 1050 510 380 2323 (1470) 795 410 3110 1422 310 2173 627 200 2843 670 300 710 20-30 30-50 63 60-80 Glasses Soda glass Borosilicate glass Pottery, etc. Porcelain High-performance engineering ceramics Diamond Dense alumina Silicon carbide Silicon nitride Zirconia Sialons Cement, etc. Cement Concrete Rocks and ice Limestone Granite Ice Expensive at present. Potentially 350-1000 (490-1400) 52 (73) 26 (36) Cost of mining and transport 9.1 0.8 1.0 - 4 4-12 5 0.2 0.2 0.9 0.12 I 273 (250) || ||| 70 25.6 84 17 1.5 20-25 1.8 2 لی 1.2 8.5 4.3 3.2 8 3.2 10-14 10-14 00 00 8