Concentrated solar power with hot-salt heat storage for the Greater Los Angeles area Concentrated solar reflectors focus

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Concentrated solar power with hot-salt
heat storage for the Greater Los Angeles
area
Concentrated solar reflectors focus the
sun’s rays on a collector through which
molten salt flows to capture heat.
The salt, also called “solar salt”, typically
comprises of a mixture of sodium nitrate and
potassium nitrate. The molten salt cannot
explode under high pressure (unlike water),
has good thermal capacitance (2620 kJ/kgK,
about 0.63 time the heat capacity of water),
good fluidity, and low vapor pressure. This
type of thermal energy storage is also
relatively cheap ($55/kWth) which is
attractive for long-duration storage
compared to technologies such as lithium-ion
batteries.
The hot salt tanks are made of 347H stainless
steel, with dimensions of approximately 40-m
diameter by 10-m high, operating at 565°C.
The “cold” salt storage tanks are similar-size
carbon steel vessels operating at about
300°C. While the cold salt tanks are reliable
and cost-effective, the hot tanks are
significantly more expensive and suffer from
reliability issues.
The Greater Los Angeles has an electrical
energy demand of about 14.5 GW. How many
salt storage tanks would be required to
provide the Greater Los Angeles area with
electrical power for 4 days? Clearly state and
substantiate your assumptions and show all
calculations.
Hint: The density of molten salt is 1900 kg/m3
and the heat capacity per unit volume of
molten salt is 2.62 MJ K-1 m-3