4. (5 pts) Strategies to locate mates often vary between species. In the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge gegeria, two a

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4 5 Pts Strategies To Locate Mates Often Vary Between Species In The Speckled Wood Butterfly Pararge Gegeria Two A 1 (251.46 KiB) Viewed 40 times

4. (5 pts) Strategies to locate mates often vary between species. In the speckled wood butterfly, Pararge gegeria, two alternative male strategies have been described: perching males adopt a sit-and-wait strategy monopolizing large sunspots on the forest floor (referred to as 'resident' males), and "patrolling' males (referred to as 'non-resident' males) adopt a searching strategy. The Trials Two males were used in each trial. First, a single male was introduced into the cage, and the exact time he spent in flight and the time he spent resting, during 30 min was recorded. Every time the male settled his position was recorded as in the big sunspot, in the small sunspot or in the shade. After 30 min the male was collected and removed from the experimental arena. A second male was introduced alone into the arena and his behaviour was recorded for 30 min, after which the male was collected. After 5 min both males were reintroduced simultaneously into the cage. Male behaviour was observed and the same data was recorded as earlier. In every trial one of the two males became resident in the large sunspot, and the other male was then classified as the non- resident in Trial 1. One male Two males 100 90 80 70- Big sunspot Small sunspot Other % Total time sitting 60 LE 50- 40 30 20 10 0 Nonresident Resident Nonresident Resident Figure 1. Time spent resting in the large sunspot, in a small sunspot or other site (in the shade or on the wall of the cage) by prospective nonresidents and residents during the first trial period when only single males were in the cage, and by nonresidents and residents when two males were present in the cage simultaneously. The bars indicate mean + SE. Resident status was determined during the Two Male treatment. Using the data shown for the speckled wood butterfly, determine if the two behavioral strategies shown by males (patrolling or resident) are maintained as alternative mating strategies in a mixed ESS, or if the strategies are an example of conditional decisions. a) [2 pts] Describe the difference between a mixed ESS or conditional strategy. b) [2 pts] State the predictions that you would make to differentiate between the two c) [1 pt) Determine if the results support a mixed ESS or conditional strategies. Justify your answer.